HYBRIDS, ICE, CNG, HYDROGEN FUEL MIX OF THE FUTURE
BS VII and Beyond, Future of ICE
Visiting Researcher at Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Czech Republic
Prof. PK Bose, Young Scientist Awardee, 2024
Reception of Army Officer at IIT Campus
Book Launch: LCA and TEA for Sustainable Development
HYBRIDS, ICE, CNG, HYDROGEN FUEL MIX OF THE FUTURE
BS VII and Beyond, Future of ICE
IIT Kanpur New Invention
Prof. PK Bose, Young Scientist Awardee, 2024
Reception of Army Officer at IIT Campus
Book Launch: LCA and TEA for Sustainable Development
Dr Srijit Biswas
Assistant Professor
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur
Primary Affiliation:
Mechanical Engineering Department
Secondary Affiliation:
Rishabh Centre for Research and Innovation in Clean Energy (RCRIC), IIT Jodhpur
Responsibility:
Associate Head, Manekshaw Centre (MCOENSSR), IIT Jodhpur
Email: sbiswas@iitj.ac.in
Phone: +0291 280 1539
Office Address
Room No. 119, Mechanical Engineering
Department IIT Jodhpur
Jodhpur-302037, India
Residence
Harerkhola, Kamalpur, Dhalai
Tripura-799285, India
Education
Ph.D.
2017-2022
National Institute of Technology, Agartala
M.Tech.
2014-2016
National Institute of Technology, Agartala
B.Tech.
2010-2014
National Institute of Technology, Agartala
Areas of Interest
Internal Combustion Engines
Life Cycle Assessment
Techno-Economic Assessment
Applications for Different Optimization Techniques. (DoE, RSM)
Alternative Fuels
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Engine Design & Simulation (CFD)
Low-Temperature Combustion (HCCI/PCCI/RCCI) Engines
CNG/ Hydrogen/ HCNG
Selected Publications
Refereed International Journals
Refereed International Conferences
Books
Book Chapters
2026
27.
Biswas S, Yadav A, Agarwal AK*, "Assessing Environmental Impact and Economic Footprint of Non-Indian Multi-Utility Private Vehicles Powered by Gasohols, Compressed Natural Gas, Compressed Biogas, and Battery" Fuel. (Q1), 2026; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138212
26.
Biswas S, Agarwal AK*, "Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Compressed Biogas with CNG and Petrol: A Well-to-Pump Approach" Fuel. (Q1), 2026; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138596
2025
25.
Biswas S; Yadav A; Agarwal AK*; "Well-to-Pump life cycle Assessment of methanol derived from high ash Coal, natural Gas, and municipal solid waste" Energy Conversion and Management (Q1), 2025; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119573
24.
Valera H, Chauhan SS, Biswas S, Čedík J, Pexa M, Agarwal AK*, "Alcohol-Diesel Blends Fueled Off-Road Compression Ignition Engine Development: Part 1- Assessing Influence of Methanol-Diesel Blends on Performance, Combustion, and Emissions" Fuel (Q1), 2025; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137025
23.
Chhatbar J, Rajpara P, Biswas S, Banerjee R, "Integration of RCCI and CDF combustion in conventional Diesel engine using CNG-Diesel fuels: An experimental study" Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics (Q3), 2025; https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.18.1.2809
22.
Agarwal AK*; Singh RK; Biswas S, "Lifecycle Assessment of Battery Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Internal Combustion Engine Powered Cars in India" SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy, 2025; https://doi.org/10.4271/13-06-02-0012
21.
Sengupta A, Biswas S, Sharma D & Banerjee R, "Energy, exergy and sustainability analysis of split injection of diesel/n-butanol blends in a diesel engine" Indian Chemical Engineer, 2025; https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2025.2507870
2024
20.
Sengupta A, Biswas S, Banerjee R*, Biswas N "Enhancing Combustion Stability in Biodiesel Engines: The Plausibility of n-Butanol Injection Phasing and Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition–An Experimental Endeavour" Fuel (Q1), 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131978
19.
Sengupta A, Biswas S, Banerjee R*, "Stratified Injection Strategies: Deciphering the Emission and Combustion Synergies of n-Butanol/Diesel Blends in Single Cylinder Engines" Fuel (Q1), 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132939
18.
Biswas N, Biswas S, Bhattacharjee B*, Mandal S K, Choudhuri K, Chakraborti P, "Prediction and optimization of a hydrodynamic journal bearing’s energy efficient tribological behaviors for different grades of lube oil: A novel DoE-RSM strategy", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (Q2), 2024; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-08829-6
2023
17.
Ankur Kalwar, Quangkhai Pham, Mengzhao Chang, Suhan Park, Sungwook Park, Avinash Kumar Agarwal*, Numerical Study of Direct Injection Spray Behavior of Gasoline and Methanol-Gasoline Blends Under Split-Injection Strategy in Engine-Like Conditions, Accepted for publication in Atomization and Sprays on 31st July 2023.
16.
Dhananjay Kumar, Avinash Kumar Agarwal*, Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Gasoline, Methanol, and Ethanol in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine-Like Conditions, Accepted for publication in Atomization and Sprays on 31st July 2023.
15.
Avinash Kumar Agarwal*, Hardikk Valera, Vikram Kumar, Shanti Mehra, Nalini Kant Mukherjee, Devendra Nene, Cyclic Combustion Variability of DME-Fueled Agricultural Tractor Engine, Accepted for publication in ASME Open Journal of Engineering on (Ref. No AOJE-23-1059) on 22nd July 2023.
14.
Biswas S, Banerjee R*, "In-Cylinder Pressure profiling for CNG/Ethanol Enriched Biodiesel Combustion" Fuel (Q1), 2023; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127970
13.
Sengupta A, Biswas S*, Banerjee R, "Performance-emission effect of n-butanol in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition regimes of biodiesel combustion" Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (Q3), 2023; https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2023.2253746
2022
12.
Chakraborty A; Biswas S*; Meitei S; Sengupta A; Kakati D, Banerjee R "Examining the significance of the ignition characteristics of hydrogen and liquefied-petroleum-gas on the reactivity-controlled compression ignition and its interspersed profiles induced in an existing diesel engine: A comparative perspective" Energy Conversion and Management (Q1), 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115976
11.
Biswas S*, Kakati D, Chakraborti P, Banerjee R "Performance-emission-stability mapping of CI engine in RCCI-PCCI modes under varying ethanol and CNG induced reactivity profiles: A comparative study through experimental and optimization perspectives" Energy (Q1), 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124231
10.
Chakraborty A, Biswas S*, Kakati D, Chakraborti P, Banerjee R "Leveraging hydrogen as the low reactive component in the optimization of the PPCI-RCCI transition regimes in an existing diesel engine under varying injection phasing and reactivity stratification strategies" Energy (Q1), 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122629
9.
Biswas S*, Sengupta A, Kakati. D, Banerjee R Chakraborti P "Parametric-Optimization of the CNG and Ethanol induced RCCI profiles in biodiesel combustion through a robust design space foray" Fuel (Q1), 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126203
8.
Das J, Mondal A, Biswas S, Nag S*, "The eco-friendly treatment of rubber industry effluent by using adsorbent derived from Moringa oleifera bark and Pseudomonas sp, cultured from effluent", Water Science & Technology (Q2), 2022; https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.387
7.
Biswas S*, Sengupta A, Kakati D, Banerjee R "The Transition from Conventional Biodiesel Combustion to RCCI with CNG/Ethanol Induction in CI Engine: A Comparative Combustion Analysis and their Effect on Performance-Emission-Stability" International Journal of Engine Research (Q2), 2022; https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874221123615
6.
Bhowmik A, Meher A, Biswas S, Dey D, Saravana MK, Biswas A, Alsharabi R M*, "Synthesis and Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Powder-Reinforced Novel Lightweight Aluminum Matrix Composites" Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022; https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9487900
2021
5.
Kakati D*, Biswas S, Banerjee R "Artificial intelligence assisted MOPSO strategy for discerning the exergy efficiency potential of a methanol induced RCCI endeavour through GA coupled multi-attribute decision making approach" Energy Conversion and Management (Q1), 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114727
4.
Kakati D*, Biswas S, Banerjee R "Parametric sensitivity analysis of split injection coupled varying methanol induced reactivity strategies on the exergy efficiency enhancement and emission reductions objectives in a biodiesel fuelled CI engine" Energy (Q1), 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120204
3.
Biswas S*, Kakati D, Chakraborti P, Banerjee R "Assessing the potential of ethanol in the transition of biodiesel combustion to RCCI regimes under varying injection phasing strategies: A performance-emission-stability and tribological perspective" Fuel (Q1), 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121346
2.
Biswas S*, Kakati D, Chakraborti P, Banerjee R "Characterization of CNG induced transition regimes of reactivity-controlled-combustion of Madhuca Longifolia biodiesel: An experimental case study" Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (Q3), 2021; https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1936302
2020
1.
Biswas S*, Kakati D, Roy S, Chakraborti P, Banerjee R "Exploring the Synergistic Potential of Response Surface Methodology Based Multi-Objective Optimization in the Performance–Emission-Stability Trade-off Envelope of an Existing Diesel Engine" Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (Q3), 2020; https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1840670
Conference Publications
1.
Choudhuri K, Biswas N, Mandal S K*, Mitra C, Biswas S “A numerical study of an external gear pump operating under different conditions” Published in Materials Today: Proceedings from the Conference: International Conference on Sustainable Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.008
2.
Bhowmik A, Saha S, Kumar M S, Dey D, Biswas S, “Non-lubricated dry sliding wear activities of Al7075/Fly ash nanocomposites by exploring grey based Taguchi optimization” Published in Materials Today: Proceedings from the Conference: International Conference on Sustainable Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.410
3.
Islam M, Bhowmik A, Haidar S, Biswas S, “Machining performance of Nano SiC and graphite powder mixed aluminum matrix composites fabricated by powder metallurgy using EDM” Published in Materials Today: Proceedings from the Conference: International Conference on Sustainable Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.123
4.
Biswas N, Chakraborti P, Saha A, Biswas S, “Performance & stability analysis of a three lobe journal bearing with varying parameters: Experiments and analysis” Published in AIP Conf. Proc from the Conference: International Conference on Mechanical Engineering.; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4958346
5.
Choudhuri K*, Equbal A, Biswas N, Pati A, Mandal SK, Biswas S, “CFD Analysis of water-based slipper bearing” Published in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022; https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012073
6.
Dutta P*, Biswas N, Chakraborty S, Biswas S, “Oil Well Rig and Directional Drilling Technology: A Field Investigation” International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science Technology International Engineering and Management at Malla Reddy Engineering College;
10.
Agarwal A K*, Biswas S, “Global Warming Potential of Cow Dung-Based Compressed Biogas” accepted for Oral presentation at VIII SEEC conference at MNIT Jaipur
11.
Agarwal A K*, Biswas S, Bhatnagar M, “Total Cost of Ownership Analyses of Battery Electric Powertrains and Internal Combustion Engine Powertrains fuelled with Natural Gas” accepted for Oral presentation at VIII SEEC conference at MNIT Jaipur;
12.
Valera1 H, Chauhan S S, Biswas S, Agarwal A K*, Čedík J, Pexa M, Müller M, Šleger V, “Parametric Evaluation to Establish the Potential of Stable Methanol-Diesel Blends for Heavy-Duty Non-Road CI Engines Using 1-Dodecanol and Iso-Butanol as A Co-Solvent” accepted for Oral presentation at VIII SEEC conference at MNIT Jaipur.
13.
Biswas S, Yadav A, Agarwal A. K*., “Life Cycle Assessment of Low Carbon Fuels Derived from Various Indian Sources” accepted for Oral presentation at IX SEEC conference at IIT Mandi.
14.
Yadav A, Mehra S, Biswas S, Agarwal A. K*., “Life Cycle Emissions and Techno-Economic Assessment of Dimethyl Ether (DME) Production from Different Renewable and Non-Renewable Feedstocks” accepted for Oral presentation at IX SEEC conference at IIT Mandi.
Books Edited
1.
AK Agarwal, S Biswas, "LCA and TEA for Sustainable Development" as a Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability (ENENSU) with Springer Singapore, 2025, https://link.springer.com/book/9789819666157
Book Chapters
1.
Kakati D*, Biswas S, Banerjee R "A Novel DoE Perspective for Robust Multi-objective Optimization in the Performance-Emission-Stability Response Realms of Methanol Induced RCCI Profiles of an Existing Diesel Engine" Greener and Scalable E-fuels for Decarbonization of Transport, 2021; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8344-2_13
2.
Agarwal AK*, Biswas S "Introduction to Life Cycle Emissions and Techno-Economic Assessment for Sustainable Development" LCA and TEA for Sustainable Development, 2025; https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-6616-4_1
3.
Yadav A, Mehra S, Biswas S, Agarwal AK*, "Life Cycle Emissions and Techno-Economic Assessment of Dimethyl Ether (DME) Production from Different Renewable and Non-Renewable Feedstocks" LCA and TEA for Sustainable Development, 2025; https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-6616-4_3
Experience
IIT Jodhpur
(Oct, 2025 to Present)
Assistant Professor of the Mechanical Engineering Department of IIT Jodhpur
- Research Domain: IC Engine, UAV Propulsion, LCA, TEA and SEA
- Associate Centre Head of MCOENSSR, IIT Jodhpur.
IIT Kanpur
(Oct, 2022 to Oct, 2025)
CSIR Pool Scientist at the Engine Research Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Kanpur.
- Working on LCA and TEA of various products, processes and services in Indian transportation system.
- Working on UAV Engine Design, Simulation and Development
- Worked on a Project titled "LCA and TCO Assessment for CBG, CNG and Gasoline Fuelled ICEVs vis-a-vis BEVs."
Project Scientist at Engine Research Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Kanpur
- Worked on the project titled "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of HEV, BEV and ICEV in India"
Chandigarh University
(Mar 2022 to Sep 2022)
Assistant Professor at University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University.
Research
Completed Research
Ongoing Research
Future Research
Post-Doc Project: (2023-24)
“LCA and TCO Assessment for CBG, CNG and Gasoline Fuelled ICEVs vis-a-vis BEVs”
funded by NEDO, Japan;
The main objective of this project was to identify the net greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions and the global warming potential (GWP) of net emissions, along with the economic feasibility of different vehicle powertrain technology options, by conducting a Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis of two sets of four-wheeler (4W) vehicles, powered by compressed natural gas (CNG), compressed biogas (CBG) from cow dung, and gasoline-fuelled ICEVs and BEVs.
CBG was found to be the most economical and environmentally friendly solution among all the powertrains compared.
Post-Doc Project: (2022-23)
“LCA and TCO Analysis of BEVs, and HEVs vs ICEVs”
funded by NEDO, Japan;
The main objective of this project was to identify the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the global warming potential (GWP) of net emissions, along with the economic feasibility of different vehicle powertrain technology options, by conducting a Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis of two sets of four-wheelers (4W) vehicles, powered by gasoline-fuelled ICEVs and HEVs vis-a-vis BEVs.
The problem is found mostly with the electricity grid. Hence, hybrid vehicles were found to be the most economical and environmentally friendly solution among all the powertrains compared.
Media & Press Coverage
Extensive news coverage and analysis of the NEDO funded LCA and TCO Report.
India Today
Electric cars more harmful than conventional, hybrid cars: IIT Kanpur study
A recent IIT Kanpur study suggested that electric vehicles are doing more harm to the environment. Battery Electric Cars (BEVs) emit 15-50 per cent more greenhouse gases...
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WION
Electric cars MORE HARMFUL than conventional, hybrid cars
Video coverage detailing how manufacturing, using, and scrapping BEVs impacts the environment compared to alternatives based on the Engine Research Laboratory report.
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Mint
Mint Explainer: Are hybrid vehicles actually greener than EVs?
An IIT Kanpur study claims electric vehicles made in India cause more emissions than hybrid vehicles when taking into account the coal burnt to manufacture them.
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Business Insider
Choose hybrid vehicles over electric and conventional ones if you actually want to be sustainable
The debate about whether or not EVs are actually good for the environment is heavily influenced by the source of the electrical grid, spotlighting hybrids as a cleaner solution.
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Fortune India
Hybrid EVs less polluting than battery EVs: IIT-Kanpur
A study conducted by a team of IIT Kanpur experts suggests that Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are more environment friendly than Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)...
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Finshots
Your EV could be hurting the world. And your pocket.
Analyzing the IIT Kanpur LCA and TCO report: They aren't the best. Not for the environment. Not for your pocket.
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CarToq
Electric cars pollute more than petrol, diesel and hybrid cars – IIT Kanpur study
In-depth automotive analysis on the comparative Life Cycle Emissions Analysis of both powertrains across different Indian driving cycles.
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The Weather Channel
Indian Electric Vehicles Might Be More Environmentally Harmful Than Traditional and Hybrid Ones
Climate impact analysis based on the latest findings regarding the global warming potential of net emissions from various vehicle powertrains.
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News9Live
Are EV cars worth it or just a quick fix with long term consequences?
As Uber plans to switch its entire car fleet to electric vehicles, a study by IIT Kanpur has come out saying EVs are more harmful to the overall environment.
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The CSR Journal
Study Challenges Environmental Claims of Electric Cars: Hybrid Cars Proven More Eco-Friendly
A recent study conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has raised questions about the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of electric cars...
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CarBlogIndia
Electric Cars More Harmful Than Hybrid - IIT Kanpur Study
The debate about whether or not the EVs are actually good for the environment is still ongoing as IIT Kanpur produces a study showcasing that it is not the case.
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Zee Business
India 360: Electric cars more harmful than conventional, hybrid cars
क्या पेट्रोल-डीजल से ज्यादा खतरनाक हैं इलेक्ट्रिक कार? देखिए ये खास चर्चा. A detailed televised panel discussion regarding the findings.
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The Hans India
Do EVs emit more greenhouse gases:? IIT Kanpur study
A recent study conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has raised concerns about the environmental benefits of electric vehicles.
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Organiser
Electric cars more harmful than conventional, hybrid cars: IIT Kanpur study
India's most elite science and technological institution challenges the claim of eco-friendliness of battery electric vehicles and suggests the use of hybrid cars.
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Knocksense
Electric cars cause more harm to environment than conventional vehicles
The study challenges the widely-believed claim that Electric cars are comparatively more environment-friendly.
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Mangalam
വൈദ്യുത വാഹനങ്ങൾക്ക് മലിനീകരണം കൂടുതൽ ; ശ്രദ്ധേയമായി പുതിയ പഠനം
Regional coverage regarding the environmental concerns and greenhouse gas footprint of EVs versus traditional engines.
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Aaj Tak Bangla
পরিবেশ রক্ষা করা তো দূর, সর্বনাশ করছে ইলেকট্রিক কার, বলছে IIT কানপুর
সাবেকি প্রচলিত হাইব্রিড গাড়ির তুলনায় বৈদ্যুতিক গাড়ি পরিবেশের পক্ষে বেশি ক্ষতিকর। সম্প্রতি এই দাবি করেছে IIT কানপুরের একটি সমীক্ষা।
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Newsum
Electric cars more harmful than conventional, hybrid cars: IIT Kanpur study
In the per kilometre analysis, the purchase, insurance and maintenance of electronic vehicles are also costlier by 15-60%.
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